Permanent magnets are materials that generate a magnetic field from the internal structure of the material itself. Inside the atom and the crystal, you have both electrons and atomic nuclei. Both the nucleus and the electrons themselves are like small magnets, like rotating small pieces of electric charge, they have the inherent magnetic field of the particles themselves. There is also a magnetic field generated by the orbit of the electron as it moves around the nucleus. Therefore, the magnetic field of a permanent magnet is the sum of nuclear spin, electron spin, and the orbit of the electron itself.
How to make a magnet:
We make magnets by exposing ferromagnetic metals such as iron and nickel to a magnetic field. In addition, when we heat these metals to a certain temperature, they will be permanently magnetized.
In how to make a magnet, the easiest way is to make a paperclip magnet.
Collect items-A simple temporary magnets, such as paper clips and refrigerator magnets, can be made of a small piece of metal. Collect these items and a narrow piece of metal, such as earrings or small nails, you can use them to check the magnetic properties of magnetized paper clips.
In addition, try to use various sizes of paper clips as well as uncoated and coated paper clips. Collect larger items of various sizes and metals to see which items will stick to the paper clips.
Rub it with the paperclip magnet instead of moving it back and forth along the same path. Use the same fast movement to light up the game. Continue to scrape the paper clip at a speed 50 times faster than using the magnet.
Bring the clip into contact with the narrower piece of metal is the small piece of metal stuck to the clip? If so, you have successfully magnetized it. If the metal does not stick to the paper clip, rub it another 50 times and try again.
To determine the strength of the magnet, try picking up other paper clips and larger items. Consider the length of time that the paperclip remains magnetized after a certain number of rubbings.