Structure And Working Principle Of Magnetic Separator
The magnetic separator (taking a wet permanent magnetic drum magnetic separator as an example) is mainly composed of 6 parts: cylinder, roller, brush roller, magnetic system, tank body, and transmission part. The cylinder is welded into a cylinder by 2-3mm stainless steel plate, and the end cover is a cast aluminum part or workpiece, which is connected to the cylinder with stainless steel screws. The motor drives the cylinder, magnetic, and brush roller to rotate through a reducer or directly with a step-less speed regulation motor.
After the slurry flows into the tank body through the feed box, the ore particles enter the feeding area of the tank body in a loose state under the action of the water flow of the feed water pipe. Under the action of the magnetic field, the magnetic ore particles are magnetically gathered to form "magnetic clusters" or "magnetic chains". The "magnetic clusters" or "magnetic chains" are affected by the magnetic force in the slurry moving toward the magnetic poles, and are adsorbed on the cylinder. Since the polarity of the magnetic poles is arranged alternately along the rotation direction of the cylinder and is fixed during operation, the "magnetic group" or "magnetic chain" produces magnetic stirring due to the alternating magnetic poles when the cylinder rotates. Non-magnetic minerals such as gangue mixed in the "magnetic group" or "magnetic chain" fall off during the turning, and the "magnetic group" or "magnetic chain" finally absorbed on the surface of the cylinder is the concentrate. The concentrate moves with the cylinder to the weakest magnetic force at the edge of the magnetic system. It is unloaded into the concentrate tank under the action of the flushing water flow sprayed from the unloading water pipe. Non-magnetic or weakly magnetic minerals are left in the slurry and discharged from the tank with the slurry, which is the tailings.
Classification of magnetic separators
Magnetic separators have multiple classification methods according to different characteristics and standards. According to the strength of the magnetic field and the strength of the magnetic field, they can be divided into:
(1) Weak magnetic field magnetic separator: The magnetic field strength on the surface of the magnetic pole is 80-120kA/m, and the magnetic field force is (3-6)×105kA2/m2. Used to separate strongly magnetic ores;
(2) Strong magnetic field separator: The magnetic field strength of the magnetic pole surface is 800-1600kA/m, and the magnetic field force is (3-12)×107kA2/m3. Used to separate weakly magnetic ores.
According to the separation medium, it can be divided into:
(1) Dry magnetic separator: separation in air, mainly used to separate large, coarse-grained strongly magnetic ores and fine-grained weakly magnetic ores. Currently, it is also used to separate fine-grained strongly magnetic ores;
(2) Wet magnetic separator: separation in water or magnetic liquid. Mainly used to separate fine-grained strongly magnetic ores and fine-grained weakly magnetic ores.
In addition, it can also be classified according to the way the magnetic ore particles are separated, the direction of movement of the feed material, the method of discharging the separation product from the separation area, and the structural characteristics of the discharged magnetic product.